Observations from The Keep on the Borderlands 2025 All Sessions - Part 2

Here is part of my observations on all sessions to date for B2 Keep on the Borderlands. I really hope you bought a copy, so I can stop posting the link to DriveThruRPG. 

I have mentioned the map scale several times and the headache that it gives. The valley for the Caves of Chaos is far too small, and the distance from the Keep is tiny. The module gives travel times as 1 square (100 yards) per hour when searching, which seems fine, but then gives non-searching speeds of 300 yards per hour. That's 0.17 miles per hour or less than 6 hours to cover one mile. 

I'm a little chubby and I walk much faster than that. 

Keep on the Borderlands was published a year before the Basic and Expert sets. These sets combine to codify indoor and outdoor travel speeds. It was a welcome choice and a great option. I politely ignore the travel times in the module, and as a consequence, I don't let much happen on the road. 

The next issue with scale is the sheer number of people inside the Keep itself. I counted 239 fighting men and 47 non-fighter types. I will not die on these numbers. I am probably wrong because I counted quickly. Gary Gygax's writing can be obscure or unclear, to say the least. But I did my best. If I had read it more slowly, I would have gotten it right because I'm sure it is all there. 

A castle similar to Bodiam Castle

This population fits my historical thinking. In keeping with my quick, back-of-the-envelope calculations, the Keep is roughly 3 times bigger than Bodiam Castle. This "castle" is more of a fortified estate, a family home over fortification. Much of its defences revolve around big walls and surrounding features instead of manpower. The walls and moat were two defences, but it also had satellite ponds designed to slow someone down and force them to take in the grandeur of the site. That was the intent: to slow an attacker so everyone got a look at everyone else. Sometimes, that is all you need to stop an opposing force. 

I found a notation that Bodiam Castle was 1/3 the size of the Keep in B2 and that it could support up to 80 people for a limited time. Those would have been guests and merchants, not fighting men, most of the time. If the Keep is 3 times bigger, the number of troops is perfect. The Keep is not overpopulated; it's overmanned by soldiers. I tend to describe it as an up-and-coming Keep, where the 47 non-fighting types are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to population. They are the people the characters notice, not all of the people. I often introduce several huts, a few camping fishermen by the river, a small farm, and a woodsman's shack near the Keep. This is flavoring and landmarks for the party, so they know roughly where they are. 

This also gives me something to do with the raiders and spies south of the Keep. They sit near the road, the only road to the Keep. This road has to bring in thousands of gold pieces of cash and goods to the Keep, because the Keep has no means of support in the surrounding empty territory. The raiders could actually steal a wagon or bribe the caravan guards and do serious harm to the Keep, even if they only stole food. That's a really good plot point. One quick raid hands the Castellian a big loss. 

Better yet, the raiders already have something in their description that hints at a possible avenue of profit and, in a way, an economic attack. Since they hunt the forests, they have fresh game meat to trade. They don't want to walk into the Keep to do this; they sell it to the caravan, which in turn sells it to the people in the Keep at a good profit. Everyone knows what is happening. There is no real surprise that the Castellian doesn't try to remove them if he discovers them, because everyone loves fresh food. 

As spies, they don't have to do too much. I would imagine the captain and lieutenant would try to spy and make contacts in the Keep itself. There is not much to keep them out. The rest of the "raiders" would also venture to the Keep for major news. They wouldn't do anything nefarious. They simply want to know if something "big" is happening in the Keep so they don't surprise themselves. 

As described, the raiders do represent a minor threat to a party of about equal size. They can't really get a TPK, but they can brain-drain a party by wiping out Magic-Users, Clerics, and Thieves. 

One thing that WILL cause a TPK is giving the raiders horses if the party is on foot. Those spearmen become very deadly on horseback. The same happens if more than 2 guys have bows or crossbows. Gary Gygax must have thought this out with the intent of a fair, but tough fight. 

I'll need to create a plotline for the raiders in one of the upcoming sessions.  

Observations from The Keep on the Borderlands 2025 All Sessions - Part 1

We are five sessions into this mess. The party has returned to the Keep after suffering several losses that were not evidenced in the last session. Run as two parties, they suffered the deaths of Duskin and Pavel, the 3 drover characters stepping away, and from session 5, Sonny and Hender were hurt badly. NPCs and characters run in a solo campaign can act in very meta ways. 

There is nothing meta about dying, but the 3 drover characters were offered a huge paycheck to take a supporting role. Simon and his daughters are very aware of how far 300 gps goes in life and realized it was much safer to stay in the background. Hender is Sonny's (Henderson) father. Having watched his son almost die, you know he is thinking about taking that secondary role, too. 

My rationale for taking these steps is to increase the types of characters while reducing the amount of paperwork to keep this project going. 

Back to looking at this series, I am assuming that you play the way I do. My campaigns are very high magic. Magic is concerning, but not a source of terror. In some cases, magic is a consumer product. Rety wanted a bag of holding, so she bought one. The challenges she has in making the purchase are that the Keep is a wayward outpost with fewer resources than normal. This might be the normal state of affairs in your campaign, but not having a magic shop is very weird for me. 

In playing through B2 Keep on the Borderlands, you may notice that the monsters come in either singletons or groups of 6-8. I think this harkens back to the Dungeons and Dragons connection to Chainmail. (That is a link to DTRPG for purchasing.) It is almost like Gary Gygax selected figurines and assembled them in unit-sized groups and stat'd them up. You'll notice that the party is 6-9 player characters of levels 1-3, against groups of monsters in 4, 6, and 8. Those are tiny units, but units nonetheless. And they are almost on part with each other. 

This messes with time and space. In session 3, I mentioned how small the valley floor is when tripling movement and ranges. I know that this was done for artistic reasons; the scale indoors was imparted to the scale outdoors, so one did not have a giant map of empty, uninteresting exterior space. It works, until it doesn't. 

A round is 10 seconds. An unencumbered player normally moves 40' a round or 120' at a sprint. That is 4 feet or 12 feet a second indoors. Outdoors, that cranks up to 12 feet or 36 feet a second. Whew!  

People are fast, and monsters are faster. Here is a clip of a football player going endzone to endzone. The clip is a little longer than 10 seconds for clarity. This guy is dodging tackles and perhaps not running flat out the whole time.  

 

Because people are so fast, as a general rule, combat is abstract. The 6 points of damage a character or monster probably isn't a single hit. Here is a 10-second clip of a fat, old ninja swinging nunchucks. 

While I only make one slashing attack transition towards the end, notice how slow I am moving and how unfocused my eyes are. I am not even trying. This is also a very confined space; my feet are rooted, and I couldn't extend my arms. It's kind of like being in a dungeon. But it is still quick. Any one of those spins could have been a slash. Imagine how fast a fencer would move and how lethal a sword point is vs. a slap from a nunchuck.  

(This is an unedited video; you should see the outtake where I hit a pipe and made the house ring.) 

In light of these observations and many more, characters and monsters can get in and out of combat or trouble quickly. By the rules, characters are limited to a fighting retreat at no penalty or worse, giving up attacks to run for it. The first doesn't allow a character to exit combat if his or her attacker presses the attack. The second is an invitation to get hit in the back. As a DM, I choose a sort of middle ground where someone can do a fighting retreat as per the rules, or choose to forgo an attack to disengage, and of course, the disastrous spin and run. Disengagement requires A) space to move back a good distance and B) remain facing your opponent. Being faster than an enemy is good enough. Having someone available to tag in or threaten a flank or rear is best. And players intuitively handle these scenarios very well when asked.  

You see this a couple of times in session 3. When Belaphon outruns the owlbear with Pavel chasing both; then again, when the chase swaps Belaphon and Pavel; and finally, when Slammer tries to pull Pavel's body away while the Knights cover him. Monsters under threat aren't going to ignore an obvious threat, giving PC's extra time to do extra things. Slammer's attempt to pull a body from a creature isn't wise, but it makes sense. He traded an attack for a grab, but failed. 

In sessions 3 and 5, the characters experience blocking. Many of the missile-armed characters find themselves behind their friends engaged in melee. They can't shoot. Oddly, Belaphon does shoot. It is one of the joys of Magic Missile - you can't miss. Rety, the Clerics, or Sonny could have tried to shoot into melee, but friendly fire sucks.  

Being blocked is a give-and-take. You can't be hit, but you also can't hit back. 

I've forshadowed events in session 6, given my rationale for certain events, and explained how I use certain rules. There will be a part two where I get into alignment and motivation, plus hit points.

Observations from The Keep on the Borderlands 2025 Sessions 2 and 3

B2 Keep on the Borderlands (A DriveThruRPG link to purchase the module) was published in 1979 and was often the first module players encountered. It was contemporaneous with B1 In Search of the Unknown from 1978. These two modules are teaching modules, designed to guide the DM and the players through the mechanics and world of Dungeons and Dragons. Both are stripped down to the bare bones of a setting, and they plug in nicely to any campaign setting. 

I find B2 to be superior to B1 because I encountered it first. That's it. It is the "Why do you think chocolate is better than strawberry?" argument. It has no answer and no end. So, here is where I drop it. If you like B1 better, that is your option. I won't even call it a choice or an opinion; you are just as right as I am. 

The great thing about these two modules is the license granted to DMs to change stuff up, to merge it with their world. 

In Sessions 2 and 3, I do just that. I gave the A-Team a ruin to operate out of. This drawing looks like an island. It is not what I was going for. 

I didn't have a good idea of what I wanted, and the sketch above is what I came up with. As the session progressed, I reworked it into this: 

It is ragged and rough. It leaves plenty of details for players to fill in, which fits with this module. 

I think DMs should always work out little maps for the party to use to make tactical choices. I don't think these maps should take much time or skill, and should rarely contain surprises. On the left side of these ruins, I imagined some sort of root cellar. I didn't add it. To the south is a collapsed cistern, also not drawn. 

Back to the actual sessions. In giving the party a ruin to sleep in, I provided them with cover, a +2 bump to armor class. It's not as good as actually wearing armor, but it does afford tactical advantages. And believably allows characters to shuck their armor to sleep. 

In Session 3, I allude to the fact that the A and B Teams operate completely differently. The A Team is a tactical unit, while Rety's Team is more strategic in thinking. Morale is more important to the Rety's team than fighting power. Lefty and Punch do some very dangerous things and are rewarded with discovery and praise, as does the rest of the party. Rety is the one holding this team together as a leader. 

The A Team is almost leaderless. They have a job, they do a job. 

I would like to take a moment to discuss a topic of great interest to me: Alignment. I like it, but it doesn't work without motivation. I think that murder-hobos happen because the player is acting with no real motivation. A lich in an impregnable fortress doesn't really have an alignment because nothing flows in or out. All NPCs and characters should have some motivation AND agency that interacts with their alignment. This makes interesting characters. 

Rety is chaotic to be sure. It's built into her nature. Rety robs from the party. She is a thief. However, she is not particularly evil. In AD&D, she would be Chaotic Good or Chaotic Neutral. Her motivation for stealing from the party was a series of slights, almost universal slights against all of the NPCs. She lashed out, and now she is probably done. Or not. We'll see.  

My choice to make Lefty and Punch Knights is based on this concept. Lefty, the former mercenary, experienced a near-death experience at the hands of the hermit. How does a mercenary become an honorable Knight? Especially when Lefty and Punch have no leige to follow? 

Well, that is where Rety's vs. the A Team's actions come into play. The A Team healed Lefty, but then forced him to stay in his would-be killer's home. That is a harsh cut. They expected the NPCs to do stuff after dealing with a near-death death. Once Rety's morale failed, so did his. Having no one to follow, Lefty followed Rety and dragged Punch with him. While Lefty was probably good and Punch was neutral, they both follow Rety.  

There is no description of liege in the OSE rules because they are so setting light. Even if there was, I would have let Lefty become a liege-less Knight anyway. A mercenary is not so different than a Knight, just the currency is different. Honor vs. coin. His Knighthood comes from an internal compass; he doesn't need a liege. Punch being neutral is simply hanging on to Lefty's compass as a good friend. 

I hope by now I have highlighted how players of differing styles can advance through the Caves of Chaos and how B2 can be an evolving moment in your gameplay. 

Observations from The Keep on the Borderlands 2025 Session 0 and 1

In order to get into these two sessions, there were really two sessions. I rolled up some characters using the Old-School Essentials NPC by Class Generator. Once I had the characters selected, I got into play.

If you want to play this one set of rules, check out the following free set at DTRPG. I got the Kickstarter boxed sets a year or two back, and those are not available right now. 

You can approximate them with 3 books: The Referee's Advanced Tome and The Advanced Player's Tome, OR you could pick up the digital core book bundle. Again, these are links to DriveThru to buy digital books. These purchases result in remuneration to me.  

For part one, I don't know how the NPC Generator rolls for stats. Once I post my character sheets, it will become obvious that the stats are out of whack. If I saw a stat of 10 or under, I rerolled it. If I got a score that was higher, I replaced it. But I only tried once. Then I shifted stats around. I didn't honor any rules for doing this; I rearranged the stats as I saw fit. 

Then I handed the characters a bunch of cash. I gave them one weapon, one piece of armor, and a backpack full of camping gear. Then I rolled the OSE standard 3d6x10 for gold. 

Once the mundane task of acquiring equipment was done, I went through the Treasure books and selected 15 items from the lists. At the front of the list, I selected 5 things I didn't mind having duplicates of, and then repeated those items at the end so that I had an even 20 items. Those 5 items were a Cloak of Defense, a Rope of Climbing, a Bag of Holding, a potion of healing, and a scroll with 3 spells. The list was rounded out with various oddities, like shield +1, armor +1, Eyes of the Eagle, Bracers of Defense, a collection of various potions and rings, and so on.  

I rolled 3 times for each character. If I rolled an item that appeared only once, I crossed it out, and the next player to roll that number got nothing. They didn't do too bad, scoring 15 of 18 possible items. You'll notice that I didn't have any magical weapons. That was on purpose; it skews things too quickly in combat at low levels. 

On to the actual session. Once I had my 6 characters, I picked 3 NPCs. They were Punch, Rety, and Lefty. I didn't even bother to stat them except for HP and AC. I do love giving NPCs personalities of their own, not so much to harass the players but to make them think. 

I wrote a book called Zero to Hero: Uncommon Commoners that covers BX and AD&D NPCs extensively. I am currently rewriting it for OSE. This title is Pay What You Want. 

I am vaguely amused when a titled product is subverted by the players. "Dungeons & Dragons: Honor Among Thieves" has no real thieves, the Zoomer in Stranger Things, and this time, a "Keep on the Borderlands" that no one actually stops at. I could see experienced players doing this, thinking they know better. 

The next subversion was a road. They could have used it, but made the assumption that a contour line was another road. It worked. It goes exactly where they want it to, but not in any reasonable way. 

I planned out the encounter with the Hermit and mountain lion in exactly the way the party was expecting, but they didn't really expect it. I see this as a common trope among players. Let's do something so normal and customary and assume it will work. 

All players who use a marching order pack the center with the squishy characters to protect them. Which this ambush didn't respect. The mountain lion was described as being agile, able to leap and bound. Running down the tight space between trees and players is reasonable. And it went right for the 2 people not wearing armor. It is familiar with humans and knows the guys without armor will cast magic. 

I have a rule of thumb that was borne out in this scenario. In melee, a creature will last one round for every 3.5 hp it has. And the mountain lion did that perfectly. He was projected to last 4.28 rounds against the party. 

On the other hand, he was barely able to hurt one character. But what he did on the way to that goal was a lot. He surprised the rear guard and only got hit once. It foiled an attack by the man-at-arms by spooking the mule. He forced the Cleric to drop his weapon and stopped other characters from shooting into melee. Finally, the lion bit the MU twice before being taken out. That one creature tied up 9 characters for several rounds, allowing the Hermit to kill one guy. 

Sure, that last character didn't stay dead, but it counted for something later. 

When the party decided to sack down for the night in the Hermit's abode, it forced a morale check. There was no way the NPCs weren't going to beat feet for the safe walls of the Keep. And why not take some treasure for your trouble? 

Ironically, that made the NPCs the winners.